Cost-Push Inflation vs. Demand-Pull Inflation

The general increase in the price for goods in an economy is called inflation, and it is most commonly measured by the consumer price index (CPI) and the producer price index (PPI). When measuring inflation, it is not simply the increase in price, but the percentage increase or the rate at which the price of goods is increasing. Inflation is an important concept both in the study of economics and in real life applications because it affects peoples purchasing power. Despite its simple definition, inflation can be an incredibly complex topic. In fact, there are several types of inflation, which are characterized by the cause that is driving the increase in prices. Here we will examine two types of inflation: cost-push inflation and demand-pull inflation. Causes of Inflation The terms cost-push inflation and demand-pull inflation are associated with Keynesian Economics. Without going into a primer on Keynesian Economics (a good one can be found at Econlib), we can still understand the difference between two terms. The difference between inflation and a change in the price of a particular good or service is that inflation reflects a general and overall increase in price across the whole economy.   Weve seen that inflation is caused by some combination of four factors. Those four factors are: Supply of money goes up  Supply of goods and services goes downDemand for money goes downDemand for goods and services goes up Each of these four factors is linked to the core principles of supply and demand, and each can lead to an increase in price or inflation. To better understand the difference between cost-push inflation and demand-pull inflation, lets look at their definitions within the context of these four factors. Definition of Cost-Push Inflation The text Economics  (2nd Edition) written by American economists Parkin and Bade gives the following explanation for cost-push inflation: Inflation can result from a decrease in aggregate supply. The two main sources of a decrease in aggregate supply are: An increase in wage ratesAn increase in the prices of raw materials These sources of a decrease in aggregate supply operate by increasing costs, and the resulting inflation is called cost-push inflation Other things remaining the same, the higher the cost of production, the smaller is the amount produced. At a given price level, rising wage rates or rising prices of raw materials such as oil lead firms to decrease the quantity of labor employed and to cut production. (pg. 865) To understand this definition, we must understand the aggregate supply.  Aggregate supply is defined as the total volume of the goods and services produced in a country or the supply of goods. To put it simply, when the supply of goods decreases as a result of an increase in the cost of production of those goods, we get cost-push inflation. As such, cost-push inflation can be thought of like this: prices for consumers are pushed up by increases in cost  to produce. Essentially, the increased production costs are passed along to the consumers. Causes of Increased Cost of Production Increases in cost could relate to labor, land, or any of the factors of production.  It is important to note, however, that the supply of goods can be influenced by factors other than an increase in the price of inputs. For instance, a natural disaster can also impact the supply of goods, but in this instance, the inflation caused by the decrease in the supply of goods would not be considered cost-push inflation. Of course, when considering cost-push inflation the logical next question would be What caused the price of inputs to rise? Any combination of the four factors could cause an increase in production costs, but the two most likely are factor 2 (raw materials have become more scarce) or factor 4 (demand for raw materials and labor have risen). Definition of Demand-Pull Inflation Moving on to demand-pull inflation, we will first look at the definition as given by Parkin and Bade in their text Economics: The inflation resulting from an increase in aggregate demand is called demand-pull inflation. Such inflation may arise from any individual factor that increases aggregate demand, but the main ones that generate ongoing increases in aggregate demand are: Increases in the money supplyIncreases in government purchasesIncreases in the price level in the rest of the world (pg. 862) Inflation caused by an increase in aggregate demand  is inflation caused by an increase in the demand for goods. That is to say that when consumers (including individuals, businesses, and governments) all desire to purchase more goods than the economy can currently produce, those consumers will compete to purchase from that limited supply which will drive prices up. Consider this demand for goods a game of tug of war between consumers: as demand increases, prices are pulled up. Causes of Increased Aggregate Demand Parkin and Bade listed the three primary factors behind increases in aggregate demand, but these same factors also have a tendency to increase inflation in and of themselves. For instance, an increase in the money supply is factor 1 inflation. Increases in government purchases or the increased demand for goods by the government is behind factor 4 inflation. And lastly, increases in the price level in the rest of the world, too, causes inflation.  Consider this example: suppose you are living in the United States. If the price of gum rises in Canada, we should expect to see fewer Americans buying gum from Canadians and more Canadians purchasing the cheaper gum from American sources. From the American perspective, the demand for gum has risen causing a price rise in gum; a factor 4 inflation. Inflation in Summary As one can see, inflation more complex than the occurrence of rising prices in an economy, but can further be defined by the factors driving the increase. Cost-push inflation and demand-pull inflation can both be explained using our four inflation factors. Cost-push inflation is inflation caused by rising prices of inputs that cause factor 2 (decreased supply of goods) inflation. Demand-pull inflation is factor 4 inflation (increased demand for goods) which can have many causes.

The Effects Of Immigrants On The Economy - 908 Words

Introduction From terrorism, to global warming, to immigration, hot-button political issues often affect many parts of people’s lives. When looking at the many issues facing the country, there are a rare few that only affect one aspect of life. Instead the problems in the country have diverse and extensive impacts and therefore need all-encompassing solutions. One of the issues that garners a great deal of discussion is immigration and its impacts on the economic environment. As a nation of immigrants, the United States continues to welcome new citizens each year as its foreign born population continues to grow. As more immigrants come to America and set up their lives here, they look for jobs and ways to support their families. With more people coming to the country and looking to enter the workforce, some policy makers worry that this will have adverse effects on the economy. Concerns about economic stability under this influx of immigrants drives the research and findings o f this paper. The discussion on the effects of immigrants on the US economy has two distinct sides. On one side there are those who support allowing immigrants to enter the US just as they have for hundreds of years. They believe that America is a destination for the oppressed and depressed and that its doors should stay open. The other side of the argument has anti-immigration sentiments which result from a perceived impact on the economy. Those who support limiting immigration into America voiceShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Illegal Immigrants On The Us Economy2794 Words   |  12 PagesIllegal immigrants in the United States (US) have long been a topic of debate for policy makers and the public. The rationale about them is that they do not pay taxes; they add to the costs of taxpayers and use up funds in resources meant for assisting citizens and legal immigrants (the legal citizens). Therefore, they are perceived as a threat to the US economy. The true impacts of illegal immigr ants on the US economy are discussed by debating over the economic benefits as well as economic costsRead MoreThe Effects Of Illegal Immigrants On The Us Economy2918 Words   |  12 PagesIllegal immigrants in the United States have long been a subject of examine for policymakers and people in general. . The basis about them is that they do not pay taxes, they add to the costs of taxpayers and use up funds in resources meant for assisting citizens and legal immigrants. Hence, they are seen as a danger to the US economy. The genuine effects of illegal immigrants on the US economy are discussed by debating over the economic benefits as well as economic costs of these immigrants. The negativeRead MoreThe Dangers Surrounding the United States and Mexican Boarder1048 Words   |  4 Pages It is amazing to think about the great lengths one is willing to go to take in order to provide for their family and the slight chance of a better life. The immigran ts crossing the U.S border from Mexico are the ones taking the deadly journey through the fiery desert. They all have different backgrounds, family but the one thing they all share is the goal of escaping poverty to find riches in the united states â€Å"and Read MoreHow Does Immigration Affect The United States Economy Essay1711 Words   |  7 Pages27, 2016 How does immigration affect the United States economy Abstract: Foreign-born workers have dramatically increased in the Unites States due to immigration. How does immigration affect the United States economy can be researched by finding the difference in productivity and income per worker between states which have large inflows of foreign-born worker and those without many immigrants. Official data shows that states with large immigrant inflows have higher productive capacity because theyRead MoreThe Positive and Negative Aspects of Job Migration943 Words   |  4 Pagesstatistics, Number of labor immigrants was increase to 145855 all over the world between April and June 2013(Immigration Statistics, April to June 2013).This essay seeks to evaluate the positive and negative impacts of labor migration. This research will begin by evaluating the economic effects of job migration it will then proceed to investigate the social effects. In the process it will be highlighted that the impacts of migration are balanced. Main body Economical effects Job migration has negativeRead MoreImmigration And Immigration Of Australia1276 Words   |  6 PagesSince 1945, almost 6 million people have come to Australia as new immigrants and they had a marked influence on all aspects of society. In the 50 years Australia has welcomed about 5.9 millions of migrants comprising about 3.1 million males and 2.8 million females (Queensland Govt., n.d). More than 599 000 people have arrived under humanitarian programs, initially as displaced persons and more recently as refugees. Statistics from the Department of Immigration and Citizenship reported that duringRead MoreImmigration Impact On The United States Economy. Introduction:1124 Words   |  5 PagesImmigration Impact on The United States Economy Introduction: The United States of America, is built on immigration much of the progress of the country is because of it. Immigration is rapidly growing, as of 2014, 13% of the United States population are immigrants (The National Academic Press). Today, there’s so much opposition to immigration for reasons that aren’t concrete. Some Americans believe, immigrants are here to cause problems and steal their jobs. They believe that there aren’t enoughRead MoreShould The Deportation Of All Immigrants Really? Make America Great Again?995 Words   |  4 PagesWould the deportation of all immigrants really â€Å"make America great again?† Consider how Native Americans were the first to inhabit the lands of Florida. Christopher Columbus and his counterparts stepped into the scene and claimed to have discovered the New World. In this case, it is true that history repeats itself because the issue of driving people out of free land persists today. Perhaps it’s because there are several misconceptions associated with immigrants. Perhaps it’s because Americans doRead MoreWhat Do Undocumented Immigrants Really Hurt Our Economy?1745 Words   |  7 PagesUndocumented Immigrants Actually Do To The Economy? As of recently, immigration has come to the forefront of political issues in the United States. There are two main sectors of immigration that our government highlights as problem areas: undocumented immigration and immigration from the Middle East. The number one issue brought up when discussing undocumented immigration is its effect on the economy. There is a plethora of rhetoric that we hear and see in our society telling us that immigrants steal ourRead MoreIllegal Immigrants : Illegal Immigration900 Words   |  4 Pagesto find a better life. Immigrants come to America in hopes of fulfilling the American dream, being free and safe from their original home lands. Most immigrants are illegal and come by the millions each year, which lead to many controversial disputes. The overflow of immigrants caused many citizens to question if these illegal immigrants are damaging America in various way and also by bringing in crime, drugs, and terrorists. Others state that immigrants truly aids the economy â€Å"Indeed, some sectors

Recruitment Procedure and Challenges Faced by Tesco PLC Company

Question: Discuss about the Recruitment Procedure Of Tesco PLC And The Challenges That Are Faced By The Company. Answer: Introduction For the success of an organization, the quality of its human resources plays an important role. It is essential for the human resource managers to place the right person in the right job with the right skills and competencies. However, there are various challenges that HR manager has to face during the recruitment process (Chen Huang, 2009). This report, in this regard, discusses the case study of Tesco PLC which focuses on its recruitment process along with the challenges that are faced by the company while recruiting the potential candidates. The report also aims at discussing the strategies that can be used by the HR department of the company to overcome the recruitment challenges. The thesis statement for this report may be stated as whether the human resource department of the company, Tesco PLC also faces challenges in the recruitment process or not. Company Overview Tesco PLC headquartered at England is a British general merchandise and multinational grocery retailer. The company works across eight countries and has its stores in Ireland, Asia, Europe, Malaysia, Hungary, and Thailand. The company was founded in the year 1919; however, it expanded its operations in the early 1990s where it diversified from grocery selling to books, electronics, clothing, financial services, and furniture and internet services (Ryle, 2013). The company is currently listed on London Stock Exchange and has approximately 6500 stores across different markets. The company also has a wide employee base where it has employed more than 476,000 employees. The company has adopted a positive approach towards its employees where it ensures to provide training and development opportunities to its employees on a regular basis. It even ensures that any changes made in the processes, stores, policies or structures, its employees are the first one to be informed (TESCO PLC, 2017). It is employee-centric organization, the focus of which is on being a great employer. Recruitment Process of the Company Recruitment may be defined as a process of searching for potential employees for the business and motivating them to apply for the job vacancies in the organization. It is a process through which the company ensures that the best-qualified personnel are hired for the job profiles at the correct time and in a cost-effective manner (Devi Banu, 2014). It includes analyzing the requirements of a job, stimulating the potential candidates to apply for the job, selecting the best possible candidate, hiring and integrating him to the working of the organization (Bhoganadam Rao, 2014). In the context of the recruitment process of Tesco PLC, the company uses different modes for advertising about the job vacancies, depending upon the nature of the job. Before opening the vacancy for the other people, the company advertises the job vacancies on the intranet within the company. It focuses on its internal talent program and on those employees who are interested in moving to new positions, either a promotion or at the same level. If the managers do not find a suitable match for the concerned profiles, it advertises about such vacancies on its websites and through the vacancy boards present in its stores. The interested candidates make online applications on the companys websites, especially if the nature of the posts is managerial. The shortlisted candidates are asked for the telephonic interview which is followed by a mandatory attendance at the assessment centers where the final selection of the candidates is made (TESCO Careers, 2017). For the store vacancies, the company usually uses the vacancy boards; however, for the specialist jobs, the company makes use of the external sources for advertising the vacancies. For such positions, the company advertises on its websites, radio, television, offline media, placing advertisements in magazines including The Appointment Journal and Google. The focus of the company is to hire best-qualified candidates for the job in the most cost-effective manner, but on a timely basis, it uses expensive advertising strategies for advertising about its jobs so that the company can have a wide talent base to choose from (Tesco Underwriting Limited, 2017). Challenges faced by the Human Resource Managers during Recruitment Process Recruitment is a wide term and it includes different activities that are focused on hiring an appropriate for a job opening in the most cost effective manner. It is necessary that the human resource department of the company carefully undertakes these activities so that the recruitment and selection can be made for the best candidate. However, there are certain factors that are internal and external to the organization that affects the recruitment process and poses challenges for the human resource manager to hire the potential employees (Juhdi et al., 2010). The factors that create challenges during the process of recruitment can be categorized under two heads, namely- internal factors and external factors. Even if the company is able to overcome the challenges created by the internal factors, there are still the external factors that almost every organization has to face. The seriousness of such external challenges, however, varies from organization to organization depending on the nature of the job and the place where it is operating. The company, Tesco PLC also has to face the external challenges in the different markets where it operates and serves its customers. The internal factors also known as endogenous factors refer to the attributes that are present within the organization and affects the recruitment process. Some of these are discussed below: The size of the company: The literature indicates that the size of the organization often determines the quality and the success of the recruitment process. If the organization is bigger in size, it is likely to have fewer problems while recruiting potential employees and vice versa (Florea Mihai, 2014). Recruiting Policy: The policy adopted by the companies to hire employees from external sources or within the organization also affects its recruitment. In general, companies prefer to opt for the internal recruitment, as the employees are already familiar with the organizational working (Ekwoaba, Ikeije Ufoma, 2015). In the context of Tesco PLC also, it is observed that the company initially tries to fill its vacancies through internal talent plan. However, when the appropriate employees are not available for the vacancies, it becomes a challenge for the company to hire from the external sources, as the cost of recruitment in such scenarios is usually higher. Image of the Organization: The reputation that a company has in the market also serves as a detrimental factor in the recruitment process. The organizations which do not have a positive image in the market and which is not fulfilling its social obligations or rendering public services, often face challenges in stimulating the candidates to apply for the jobs in the organization (Balasubramanian, 2014). However, Tesco PLC does not face this challenge as it is an employee and society centric organization, the focus of which is to render its services to the public. On the other hand, there are certain other factors that are beyond the control of the organization and have a direct impact on the recruitment process of a company. These factors are termed as external factors. These challenges are difficult for the human resource managers to overcome. It usually requires carefully planned strategies on the part of the company, so that the impact on the recruitment process can be minimized. These factors are as follows: Demographic factors: The demographic factors are those that are related to the human resources and have a profound impact on the recruitment and selection process. The demographic factors include age, sex, literacy level, economic status and other factors. The literature indicates that majority of the workforce population in the US comprised of the baby boomers who were born between the period of 1946 to 1964. In the current scenario, the ratio of the young people joining the workforce market will be less in comparison to the jobs vacated by the baby boomers (Doverspike et al., 2000). This would result in a huge workforce gap which poses a big challenge for the human resource managers of the companies. Labor Market Conditions: The conditions of supply and demand of the labor in the market also affect the recruitment process of the companies. For instance, if there is an increased demand for the skilled labor in the industry whereas the supply of such skilled labor is comparatively less, the companies are required to exert more efforts for attracting the labors towards the companies jobs (Agyeman Ponniah, 2014; Oyetunde Ayeni, 2014). Labor Laws and Legal Considerations: Tesco PLC operates in a number of countries and each country has a separate labor law and legal obligations which are required to be fulfilled by the company. These conditions may be in regard to working hours, working conditions, safety and health aspects and compensation. It is necessary for the human resource managers to take care of the laws and other practices so that the recruitment process in such locations is easier (Islam Rahman, 2015; Stoilkovska, Ilieva Gjakovski, 2015). In addition to this, internal and external factors, there are certain additional challenges that the company faced in the context of recruitment. It is difficult for the company to manage the recruitment process for all its locations (TribePad, n.d.). It also has to ensure improving the efficiency of its recruitment process and maximizing the candidates experiences at the time of the interviews and entire recruitment process (Hopping, 2016). Another concern for the company is to reduce its recruitment costs for the recruitment that is made through external sources. Recommended Strategies to Overcome the Recruitment Challenges If a company intends to overcome these challenges and minimize their impact on the recruitment process, it is recommended that it carefully plans and develops different strategies for the same. In order to deal with the demographic challenges, the company should develop a strategy that aims at providing the training and development until the end of the career so that the long-term employability can be safeguarded (Bossaert, Demmke Moilanen, 2012). For the internal challenge such as an image of the organization, the company may adopt the employer branding strategy to reinforce its positive image in the mind of potential candidates. This will help in making a good corporate image, brand loyalty and eventually will enhance the overall productivity (Wallace et al., 2014). One of the concerns for every human resource manager is to reduce the cost of recruitment. For reducing this cost, it is recommended that the company should adopt creative recruiting whereby the technology should be leveraged so that the cost is reduced. This can be done through video conferencing instead of face to face interviews, inviting social media applications, and collaborations with associations, colleges, and governments (Varshney Kanchan, n.d.). Conclusion On the basis of the above discussion, it is concluded that there are various factors that affect the recruitment process of Tesco PLC. These factors are both internal and external to the working of the organization. The major recruitment challenges that are faced by the company are external to it and which are beyond its control. As the company is operating in different countries, it has to follow different labor laws and comply with the legal considerations that are applicable in those countries. Moreover, the demographic factors and the supply and demand conditions also pose significant challenges to the recruitment process of the company. The strategies such as the employer branding, creative recruitment strategies and delayed training and development opportunities for safeguarding the long-term employability of the employees can help the company to overcome such challenges to a great extent. Therefore, the thesis statement can be restated as the human resource department of the company, Tesco PLC also faces challenges in the recruitment process. References Chen, C. J., Huang, J. W. (2009). Strategic human resource practices and innovation performancethe mediating role of knowledge management capacity.Journal of business research,62(1), 104-114. Ryle, S. (2013). The Making of Tesco: A Story of British Shopping. Transworld Publishers Limited. Tesco Underwriting Limited. (2017). Our Recruitment Process. Retrieved May 21, 2017, from https://www.tescounderwriting.com/join-us/our-recruitment-process/ Devi, B. R., Banu, P. V. (2014). Introduction to Recruitment. SSRG International Journal of Economics and Management Studies, 1(2), 8-13. Bhoganadam, S. D., Rao, D. S. (2014). A Study on Recruitment and Selection Process of Sai Global Yarntex (India) Private Limited. International Journal of Management Research Review, 4(10), 996-1006. Hopping, C. (2016). Unilever's Dave Lewis Brings Management Clout to Tesco. Retrieved May 21, 2017, from https://www.launchpadrecruits.com/insight-articles/unilevers-dave-lewis-brings-management-clout-to-tesco Doverspike, D., Taylor, M. A., Shultz, K. S., McKay, P. F. (2000). Responding to the challenge of a changing workforce: Recruiting nontraditional demographic groups.Public Personnel Management,29(4), 445-459. Agyeman, C. M., Ponniah, V. M. (2014). Employee demographic characteristics and their effects on turnover and retention in MSMEs.International Journal of Recent Advances in Organizational Behaviour and Decision Sciences (IJRAOB),1(1), 12-29. Oyetunde, M. O., Ayeni, O. O. (2014). Exploring factors influencing recruitment and retention of nurses in Lagos state, Nigeria within year 2008 and 2012.Open Journal of Nursing,4, 590-602. Islam, M. S., Rahman, M. (2015). Promoting Bangladesh Labor Law to Managing Human Resources in Enterprises-Perspectives Challenges. International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics, 4(6), 114-123. Stoilkovska, A., Ilieva, J., Gjakovski, S. (2015). Equal employment opportunities in the recruitment and selection process of human resources.UTMS Journal of Economics,6(2), 281-292. Balasubramanian, P. K. (2014). The Significance of Recruitment in an Organization. Global Journal of Finance and Management, 6(8), 735-738. Ekwoaba, J. O., Ikeije, U. U., Ufoma, N. (2015). The impact of recruitment and selection criteria on organizational performance.Global Journal of Human Resource Management,3(2), 22-23. Juhdi, N., PaWan, F., Othman, N. A., Moksin, H. (2010). Factors influencing internal and external employability of employees.Business and Economics Journal,11, 1-10. Florea, N. V., Mihai, D. C. (2014). Analyzing the Influence of IE Factors On Recruitment And Selection Performance Using Kalman Filter.Journal of Science and Arts,14(4), 299-320. Wallace, M., Lings, I., Cameron, R., Sheldon, N. (2014). Workforce Development. Singapore: Springer Science Business Media. Bossaert, D., Demmke, C., Moilanen, T. (2012).The impact of demographic change and its challenges for the workforce in the European public sectors. European Institute of Public Administration, 1-54. Varshney, S., Kanchan, S. (n.d.). Accounting Costs Of Recruitment: Literature Evidence. International Journal of Research Development in Technology and Management Science, 22(3), 32-39. TESCO PLC. (2017). Being a Great Employer. Retrieved May 21, 2017, from https://www.tescoplc.com/tesco-and-society/being-a-great-employer/ TESCO Careers. (2017). Your Application. Retrieved May 21, 2017, from https://www.tesco-earlycareers.com/your-application/ TribePad. (n.d.). TESCO PLC. Retrieved May 21, 2017, from https://www.tribepad.com/case-studies/tesco-2/

The Department Stores in Different Countries free essay sample

The department stores in America and Taiwan A department store is a place that sells a wide range of products to the consumer. The products sold in a department store including everything, like clothing, cosmetics, furniture, home appliances, food, books, jewelry, and electronics. Managing the department stores is one of the typical big businesses in the world. America and Taiwan, have many ways of operating the department stores in common, including the way to attract customer, a set price, the employees’ rotation. However, the Product display, the operating time, and the serving style of the workers, are very different from each other. Both American and Taiwanese love to shop. The department stores in both countries are always crowded. The appearance of a department store is very important in Taiwan, just as America. They are not only emphasize on the exterior of the building, but also changed the decoration of windows display every month. We will write a custom essay sample on The Department Stores in Different Countries or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They also made some advertisement post on the subway, newspaper, and media to attract people. The price of each product in a department stores in the United States, just like Taiwan, is already set. People can not bargain about the price in the department stores. Only if there is a special event, like Christmas, an anniversary, New Years, or the customers have the specific credit card which the department store provides they can have some discounts. The employees rotation in America is similar to Taiwan. That is when people go shopping, they usually can’t see the same employees serving people, because the stores change the employees all the time. In Taiwan, the same cosmetic shops are located in different department stores, and the companies make the employees rotate. In addition to the similarities, there are also some differences in the department stores between America and Taiwan. First of all, department store in Taiwan, every brand has their own space and product display are always very neat. It makes the commodities look more valuable, then people would have more desire to purchase them; in contrast, American department stores, there are many different brands set in the same place, sometimes it looks messy and makes people lose interest. The way of serving in the department stores in the U. S. is difference from Taiwan. In general, one American employee can serve one customer in the department store, such as helping customer find the clothes, or introducing the new products to the customer. However, Taiwan is a crowded place, and the department stores are always full of people. It’s hard for the employee to pay attention to only one customer. Usually, the employee in Taiwan has to serve more than two people at the same time. A final difference is American department stores open in the morning, and close at 9:00 at night. On the other hand, Taiwanese department stores, the operating time is from 11:00 a. m. to 10:00 p. m.. During the weekends, the department stores in Taiwan continue serving until 10:30 p. m. to attract more customers than weekdays. Unlike the shopping malls in Taiwan, nevertheless, American department stores close at 6:00 p. m. on Sunday. Although there are some differences of product set up, operating styles and time. The operating methods of the United States and Taiwanese department stores still have something in common, including the way to attract customer, the price point, and the employees’ rotation. In fact, no matter where the department stores are located, the most important purpose of operating is to provide more good services to attract more customers, to make more profits.

The Book Thief Maxs Books free essay sample

The Book Thief critical essay Tallus Gibson Liesel acquires many books throughout living in Molching with the Hubberman’s but three that stick out are Mein Kampf, The stand over man and The Word Shaker. These three stuck out because they represent so much to her behind the actual words in the books. They are metaphors for Max and how important kind words are for combatting hateful ones. Just like Hitler said he would rule the world with his words, Liesel defends herself and max with the same words. As Liesel is helping Max to hide from the Nazi’s, Max is in turn helping Liesel realize the importance of words. The stand over man is a book that Max wrote for Liesel using the blank pages of Mein Kampf. These two books use juxtaposition to help shield max from the Nazis as well as connect Max and Liesel in a better way. We will write a custom essay sample on The Book Thief Maxs Books or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mein Kampf is a book written by Hitler, which is a metaphor for the world that they live in; Hitler has made the words in his book come true. The Hubbermans come up with a brilliant plan to use Mein Kampf as a disguise for max when the Germans check their house. Max hated the book so much that he ripped all of the pages out and wrote his own story on the inside called the stand over man while keeping the important book cover. Mein Kampf means â€Å"My struggle† in German and that’s what the stand over man is about, Max’s struggles and fears in his life. Max knows that Liesel loves books so he thought that communicating to her though writing a book would be the most effective way for Liesel to understand him. The Word shaker is another book that Max has left for Liesel, but this time it’s about Liesel and her way of using them. The word shaker is full of stories and sketches, written and illustrated by Max himself. A word shaker is someone who can use the true power of words to hypnotize or indoctrinate people into believing what you say. Max see’s Liesel as a word shaker because they both knew how powerless a person could be without words. Liesel’s immense compassion for Max is so boundless that it is more powerful than Hitlers hateful words and cruelty. Liesel and Max’s friendship proves that words of sincere love effectively combat the harsh words of Hitler. Mein Kampf, the stand over man and the word shaker all play a very important role in Liesels life and are a metaphor for her and Max’s friendship. In the stand over man and the word shaker Max makes the connection to Liesel clear but in an indirect way; meaning there is more to the books behind the actual words. Markus Zusak, the author of the book thief uses juxtaposition in order to show the integrity of the metaphors in these books. Max may not be the smartest individual but with the help of Liesel has learned so much about words and their importance in the world.

Requirements to Become President of the U.S.

Requirements to Become President of the U.S. What are the constitutional requirements and qualifications to serve as president of the United States? Forget the nerves of steel, the charisma, the background and skill set, the fund-raising network,  and the legions of loyal folks who agree with your stance on all the issues. Just to get into the game, you have to ask: How old are you and where were you born? The U.S. Constitution Article II, Section 1 of the U.S. Constitution imposes only three eligibility requirements on persons serving as president, based on the officeholder’s age, time of residency in the U.S., and citizenship status: No person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President; neither shall any person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the United States. These requirements have been modified twice. Under the 12th Amendment, the same three qualifications were applied to the vice president of the United States. The 22nd Amendment limited office holders to two terms as president. Age Limits In setting the minimum age of 35 for serving as president, compared to 30 for senators and 25 for representatives, the framers of the Constitution implemented their belief that the person holding the nation’s highest elected office should be a person of maturity and experience. As early Supreme Court Justice Joseph Story noted, the character and talent of a middle-aged person are fully developed, allowing them a greater opportunity to have experienced â€Å"public service† and to have served â€Å"in the public councils.† Residence While a member of Congress need only be an â€Å"inhabitant† of the state he or she represents, the president must have been a resident of the U.S. for at least 14 years. The Constitution, however, is vague on this point. For example, it does not make clear whether those 14 years need to be consecutive or the precise definition of residency. On this, Justice Story wrote, by residence, in the Constitution, is to be understood, not an absolute inhabitancy within the United States during the whole period; but such an inhabitancy, as includes a permanent domicile in the United States. Citizenship In order to be eligible to serve as president, a person must either have been born on U.S. soil or (if born overseas) to at least one parent who is a citizen. The Framers clearly intended to exclude any chance of foreign influence from the highest administrative position in the federal government. John Jay felt so strongly on the issue that he sent a letter to George Washington in which he demanded that the new Constitution require a strong check to the admission of Foreigners into the administration of our national Government; and to declare expressly that the Commander in Chief of the American army shall not be given to nor devolve on, any but a natural born Citizen. Supreme Court Justice Story would later write that the natural-born-citizenship requirement â€Å"cuts off all chances for ambitious foreigners, who might otherwise be intriguing for the office.† Under the ancient English common-law principle of jus soli, all persons- other than children of enemy aliens or foreign diplomats- born within the borders of a country are considered citizens of that country from birth. As a result, most people born within the United States- including the children of undocumented immigrants- are â€Å"natural born citizens† legally eligible to serve as president under the Citizenship Clause of the 14th Amendment, which states, â€Å"All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.†    Less clear-cut, however, is whether children born abroad to United States citizens are similarly â€Å"natural born citizens† and eligible to serve as president. Since 1350, the British Parliament has applied the rule of jus sanguinis, which holds that newborn children inherit the citizenship of their parents, regardless of the place of birth. Thus, it is not surprising that when Congress enacted the first U.S. naturalization law in 1790, that law declared that â€Å"the children of citizens of the United States, that may be born beyond the sea, or out of the limits of the United States, shall be considered as natural born citizens.†   Ã‚  Ã‚   Still, the question of whether the term â€Å"natural born Citizen† used in the Presidential Eligibility Clause of Article II incorporates both the parliamentary rule of jus sanguinis in addition to the common law principle of jus soli. In the 1898 case of United States v. Wong Kim Ark the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that citizenship through jus sanguinis, while available by statute, was not available through the 14th Amendment. Today, however, most constitutional experts argue that the Presidential Eligibility Clause of Article II does incorporate both jus sanguinis and jus soli, so George Romney, who was born in Mexico to American parents was eligible to run for president in 1968. Presidential Trivia and Controversies John F. Kennedy was the  youngest person  to be elected president; he was 43 years old when he was inaugurated in 1961.There is no maximum age limit set forth in the Constitution.  Ronald Reagan  was the  oldest president; at the end of his term in 1988, he was nearly 77.A number of presidential hopefuls have had their citizenship questioned over the years. During the 2016 campaign, Donald Trump accused Texas Sen. Ted Cruz, who was born in Canada to an American mother and Cuban-born father, of not being eligible for the presidency.The election of President Barack Obama in 2008, whose father was Kenyan, prompted a number of lawmakers to call for the presentation of a candidates birth certificate at the time that he or she files for candidacy.  Martin Van Buren was the first president to be born after the American Revolution, making him the first true American to serve.Virginia has produced more presidents- eight- than any other state. However, five of those men were born p rior to independence. If you count only persons born after the American Revolution, then the honor goes to Ohio, which has produced seven leaders. Election Day was established by Congress in 1845 as the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November. Prior to that, each state set its own date for elections.

Water Management in India Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Water Management in India - Research Paper Example The challenges of water management in India stem from resource problems whereby the protection of water sources is yet to be effective. Deforestation along with other hazardous activities threatens the water sources of the Asian giant. Moreover, infrastructural parameters hinder the achievement of full access to water by many residents of India. Though, the water problem in India is more visible in cities particularly slums. As a result, numerous organizations both local and international along with government agencies have focused on water supply in slum areas. The management of water in India is closely related to hygiene because the access to water is the only way to guarantee good hygiene in the society. Therefore, improving water supply is considered central towards enhancing the standards of hygiene. This paper evaluates water management in India through a number of perspectives to bring out the current state of water administration in the Indian subcontinent along with its rel evant effects on life. Primary issues will be listed and discussed regarding how they influence water management. Major organizations in the process of water administration will be discussed. One of the primary issues in India regarding water management is the utilization of water for agricultural purposes. Owing to the unreliable weather of India, certain areas are dependant of water for irrigation purposes. The insufficiency of rain makes farmers become dependant on water supply for agricultural use.